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Class 10th Class - Punjab Board Academic Cloud

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CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 1

بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحٰمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Unit 1

Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ
an Embodiment of Justice

After completing this unit, students will:
  • recognize and practise values and attributes of justice for peaceful coexistence
  • deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words from the context
  • demonstrate the use of concrete and abstract nouns
  • illustrate the use of regular and irregular verbs in writing
  • write an effective essay on the given topic
◆ What do you understand by 'justice'?
◆ What is the importance of an independent judiciary in a society?
◆ Who is regarded as the true embodiment of justice? Why?
📘
For the Teacher:
Use pre-reading activity to help students predict the content of the text from the title, picture, and by using their prior knowledge.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 2
(1)

Hazrat Muhammad's ﷺ life is a perfect model and example for the people who want to attain goodness, piety and success in their individual as well as social life. People can seek light from the message and guidance from his life to achieve perfection in the moral, spiritual and social areas of life. He has set very high and noble ideals through his practical example for all mankind to follow in every field of life.

(2)

Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ practically proved that no one could be more just and equitable than the Rasool of Allah Almighty. As a young trader, he earned the good reputation of being an honest, fair and just businessman. He always had fair and just dealings with all people. When the Ka'bah was being constructed, there arose a dispute among the people regarding the Black Stone. He devised the most equitable plan for the setting of the Black Stone. This pleased everyone and saved them from a tribal conflict.

How did the Rasool ﷺ resolve the issue?
(3)

As head of the state of Madinah, he decided all cases on merit with justice and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, or race. Once a Quraish woman was found guilty of stealing. Some people wanted to save her from punishment in order to protect the honour of the family of the Quraish. They asked Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ) to intercede on her behalf.

Why did the Quraish think that the Rasool ﷺ would favour them?
📘
For the Teacher:
While-reading activities given in the box may be conducted to help students interact with the text actively. More while-reading questions may also be generated for better comprehension of the Rasool's ﷺ justice and fair dealing.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 3
(5)

As head of the state of Madinah, he ﷺ decided all cases on merit with justice and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, or race. Once a Quraish woman was found guilty of stealing. Some people wanted to save her from punishment in order to protect the honour of the family of the Quraish. They asked Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ) to intercede on her behalf. Hazrat Usama (رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ) requested the Rasool ﷺ to forgive her. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ very furiously said, "Bani Israel was ruined because of this. They applied law to the poor and forgave the rich."

(6)

During the sermon, an Ansari seeing some men from the tribe of Banu Tha'lba sitting there stood up and pointed towards them and said, "Oh Rasool of Allah ﷺ! Their ancestors killed a member of our family. We appeal to you to get one of them hanged in exchange for that." Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ replied, "The revenge of the father cannot be taken on his son." The Rasool ﷺ was so well-known for his justice that even the Jews, who were his bitter enemies, brought their suits to him and he decided cases in accordance with the Jewish law.

Why did the non-Muslims trust the Holy Prophet ﷺ?
📝
Discussion Point:
Explain how the Holy Prophet ﷺ established equality between the rich and the poor in the eyes of law.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 4
Unit 1: Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ
Paragraph content of Unit 1 continues here. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ's life is a beacon of light for all humanity. His justice and fairness were exemplary even before his Prophethood.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 5
THEME

Allah's Rasool ﷺ is a great example to all of mankind. A number of incidents give evidence of the Rasool's ﷺ justice. He abided by Allah's commands, even with the non-Muslims, and never made any concessions in implementation of justice. The Rasool ﷺ dealing with the non-Muslims is the best example to follow for the Muslims.

GLOSSARY
ancestordistant relation somebody is descended fromdestitutewith no money or possessionsequitablefairfirmdefinitefoean enemy in battle or warintercedeto speak in support of somebody involved in a disputemagnitudeimportance, or effectowehave to give someone amount of moneyrevengesomething that you do to hurt or punish someone because they have hurt youseekto get
VOCABULARY

A. Give the meaning of each word as used in the lesson.

model, piety, eternal, earned, sermon, revenge, commandment, upheld, destitute, proclaimed, transcends

B. Choose the appropriate synonyms of the following words.

(i) equitable (a) fair (b) just (c) equal
(ii) ancestor (a) antecedent (b) forefather (c) predecessor
📋
For the Teacher:
  • Vocabulary A: Guide students to pick out contextualized meaning of a word from many meanings given in the dictionary.
  • Help students explore the use of synonyms with varying shades of meaning.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 6
(iii) foe
      (a) relative       (b) enemy       (c) friend
(iv) firm
      (a) expensive       (b) powerful       (c) persistent
(v) glorious
      (a) lustrous       (b) splendid       (c) fabulous
C. Give meanings of the following phrasal verbs and use these phrasal verbs in sentences.

guilty of, belong to, exchange for, in accordance with

D. Translate paragraph 1 of the lesson into Urdu.
READING COMPREHENSION
Analysis of patterns of text organization

A. Choose the correct option.

1. In Paragraph 1 __________________ details of the Rasool's ﷺ characteristics are given.
a. generalb. specificc. chronological
2. The key idea of paragraph 2 is that __________________.
a. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a great orator
b. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a just head of the state
c. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was just and fair even before his Nabuwat
3. Examples given in paragraphs 3 and 4 show that __________________.
a. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a just head of the state
b. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a simple man
c. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was fair in his dealing
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 7
4.Paragraph 5 shows that __________________.
a. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a just head of the state.
b. The justice of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was a source of peace and security for the non-Muslims.
c. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ was just and fair even before his Nabuwat.
5.To whom did the Rasool ﷺ give the following advice?
"When two men come to you for judgement, never decide in favour of one without hearing the arguments of the other; it is then most likely that you will know the truth."
a. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique ؓ
b. Hazrat Ali ؓ
c. Hazrat Umar Farooq ؓ
B.Identify the topic sentence and supporting details in paragraph 3.
Topic Sentence
↓
example/evidence
For the Teacher:
  • Guide students to read the lesson silently to extract main/key ideas and supporting details of paragraphs. As each paragraph carries separate thought, help students analyze each paragraph to identify its main/key idea and supporting details.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 8
C.Answer the following questions.
1. How can people achieve perfection in the moral, spiritual and social areas of life?
2. How did the Rasool ﷺ set high and noble ideals for all mankind?
3. How were people of Makkah convinced of the Rasool's ﷺ justice even before his Nabuwat?
4. What standards of justice did the Rasool ﷺ practise as head of the state of Madinah?
5. What made the non-Muslims bring their suits to the Rasool ﷺ?
6. How does the Holy Quran describe the personality of the Rasool ﷺ?
GRAMMAR
Concrete Nouns
Example:
The revenge of the father cannot be taken on his son.
The underlined words are concrete or material nouns, as they refer to concrete things.
Abstract Nouns
Example:
He decided their case with equity and justice.
The underlined words are abstract nouns, as they refer to ideas, qualities or states.
A.Identify whether each underlined word is a concrete or an abstract noun.
1. She puts much effort into her studies as she wants to score good marks.
For the Teacher:
  • Recapitulate students' previous knowledge of concrete and abstract nouns. Help them demonstrate the use of more concrete and abstract nouns from their immediate surrounding.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 9
2. They recommended him for his justice and truthfulness.
3. Keep the balls in that basket.
4. The dishonest trader is losing the trust of his customers.
5. He did not take good care of his pet.
B.Choose whether each sentence needs an indefinite article (a, an), a definite article (the), or no article.
1. He asked me ___________ very hard question.
2. ___________ question that he asked me was easy.
3. Have you seen ___________ my scarf?
4. Could you please pass me ___________ salt?
5. Is there ___________ good restaurant around here?
6. ___________ restaurant that my friend owns is very good.
7. I have several ___________ good friends.
8. ___________ UAE is a beautiful country.
9. I'll see you in ___________ week!
10. I'm on ___________ vacation until Monday.
Noun Phrase

A Noun phrase is a group of words that does the work of a Noun.

Example:

As a young trader, he earned reputation of being an honest, fair and just businessman.
For the Teacher:
  • Help students apply rules for the use of articles 'a', 'an' and 'the' wherever applicable in speech and writing.
CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 10
C.Underline the noun phrases in the following sentences.
1. This is an old-fashioned hat.
2. We discovered Fahad's plans.
3. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
4. The recent flood caused heavy damage.
5. An oral presentation can be interesting.
Past Indefinite and Past Continuous Tenses
D.Fill in each blank with past indefinite or past continuous tense of the verb in brackets.
1. What ___________ (you / do) when I ___________ (call) you last night?
2. I ___________ (sit) in the café when you ___________ (call) me.
3. When you ___________ (arrive) at the bus stand, who ___________ (be) there?
4. Shamsa ___________ (watch) a film when she ___________ (hear) the noise.
5. We ___________ (play) tennis when Javed ___________ (hurt) his ankle.
E.Punctuate the following paragraph.
during the sermon an ansari seeing some men from the tribe of banu tha'lba sitting there stood up and pointed toward them and said O rasool of Allah ﷺ their ancestors killed a member of our family we appeal to you to get one of them hanged in exchange for that the rasool ﷺ replied the revenge of the father cannot be taken on his son
For the Teacher:

Grammar D: Recapitulate students' previous knowledge of past indefinite and past continuous tenses. Help them illustrate use of these tenses and encourage them to relate these tenses to everyday situations.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 11
Pronunciation Key
Consonants
p pen /pen/s see /si:/
b bad /bæd/z zoo /zu:/
t tea /ti:/ʃ shoe /ʃu:/
d did /dɪd/ʒ vision /'vɪʒn/
k cat /kæt/h hat /hæt/
g get /get/m man /mæn/
tʃ chain /tʃeɪn/n now /naʊ/
dʒ jam /dʒæm/ŋ sing /sɪŋ/

The symbol (r) indicates that British pronunciation will have /r/ only if a vowel sound follows directly...

Vowels and diphthongs
i: see /si:/
i happy /'hæpi/
ɪ sit /sɪt/
e ten /ten/
æ cat /kæt/
ɑ: father /'fɑ:ðə(r)/
ɒ got /gɒt/ (British English)
ɔ: saw /sɔ:/
ʊ put /pʊt/
F.Which words in the pronunciation key have the same pronunciation as that of the words given below? Also find the symbol of each underlined sound in your dictionary.
Words Words with same pronunciation Symbols used in your dictionary
life      light
family      barriers
case      forgave
destitute      suits
For the Teacher:

Help students illustrate the use of punctuation marks learnt earlier. Give students good practice to understand the pronunciation key given in their dictionaries.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 12
ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Form groups and discuss the following.
(i)What reforms did the Rasool ﷺ bring to the judicial system of Arab?
Use the following expressions to explain your point of view clearly.
  • ◆      In my opinion, ...
  • ◆      I have read that ...
  • ◆      I believe one can (safely) say ...
  • ◆      As far as I understand / can see, ...
  • ◆      As far as I know ... /
  • ◆      From what I know ...
(ii)What measures should we take to bring justice in our society?
Use the following expressions to support your opinion with reasons.
  • ◆      First of all, I think ...
  • ◆      Not only that, but I also think that ...
  • ◆      There are various/several/many reasons for this.
  • ◆      First, ... / Firstly, ...
  • ◆      Second, ... / Secondly, ...
  • ◆      Moreover, ... / Furthermore, ... / In addition, ...
  • ◆      Another important point is that ...
  • ◆      Finally,
For the Teacher:

Oral: Help students use appropriate expressions to present and explain their point of view clearly and to support their opinion with reasons. Guide them to summarize main points of discussion for the benefit of the whole group.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 13
WRITING SKILLS
A.Write a précis of paragraph 5.
B.Write an essay on “Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ as an Exemplary Judge”. (220-250 words)
Introductory Paragraph
(Introduction to the topic)
Paragraph for key idea 1 and

supporting details
Paragraph for key idea 2 and

supporting details
Paragraph for key idea 3 and

supporting details
Concluding Paragraph
For the Teacher:

Activity A: Recapitulate students' knowledge of writing a précis of a paragraph/passage. Ask them what is this passage about... Tell them the length of the précis may be one-third of the given paragraph.

Activity B: Guide students to use a variety of pre-writing strategies such as brain storming, mind mapping, outlining, etc. for writing a composition.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 14
C.Form groups to proofread and edit the written work for the following points.
Check List
  • ◆ Have you used correct sentence structure?
  • ◆ Have you avoided errors of subject/verb agreement?
  • ◆ Have you used clear pronoun reference?
  • ◆ Have you used correct word form?
  • ◆ Have you avoided errors of punctuations and spellings?
Further Reading Activity
Consult an Islamic encyclopedia to read about the Rasool ﷺ and share your findings.
For the Teacher:

Help students plan and draft their writing, revise and edit it for logical flow of ideas through flexible and clear signal and reference words, point of view, supporting evidence, overall effect, appropriate punctuation and vocabulary. Students may be encouraged to proofread each others writings for the errors mentioned in the check list.

Further Reading: Encourage students for further reading activity as it will develop their reading habit and critical thinking.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 15
Unit 2

Chinese New Year

Learning Outcomes

After completing this unit students will:

  • ● explore the festivals and cultural events around the world
  • ● explain the meanings of words as used in the text
  • ● illustrate the use of simple present and simple past tense
  • ● summarize the text by listing the important events of the Chinese festival
  • ● produce an effective essay on a general subject
Pre-reading
  • ◆ Which festivals do you celebrate throughout the year?
  • ◆ What is the purpose of festivals?
  • ◆ What do you know about China and the Chinese festivals?
For the Teacher:

Use pre-reading activity to help students predict the content of the text from the title, picture, headings and by using their prior knowledge of festivals.

CLASS 10THEnglishPAGE 16
(1)

Chinese New Year is a holiday that celebrates the beginning of a new year according to the Chinese lunar calendar. It is considered to be one of the most important holidays for Chinese families. The holiday is celebrated with big family gatherings, gift giving, eating of the symbolic foods and display of the festive decorations – all focused on bringing good luck for the new year and celebrating the coming of Spring. In China the lunar calendar is still used to determine traditional holidays like Chinese New Year. Since the lunar calendar is based on the phases of the moon-- which has a shorter cycle than the sun — Chinese New Year is never on the same day each year, but typically falls somewhere between January 21st and February 20th. Celebrations can actually last up to a month.

Here are some traditions associated with Chinese New Year.

Why is Chinese New Year never on the same day each year?

Cleaning Houses and New Clothes

(2)

Prior to the first day of the New Year it is customary for families to thoroughly clean their houses. Doing this is said to clear out any bad luck from the previous year and to make the house ready to accept good luck for the coming year. All cleaning must be finished before the New Year's Day so there is no chance of accidentally throwing out the good fortune of the New Year. Wearing black is not allowed due to its association with death, however, wearing red is encouraged as the colour is associated with warding off bad spirits.

What is the Chinese belief about cleaning houses before the new year day?
For the Teacher:

While-reading activity given in the box may be conducted to help students interact with the text actively. More while-reading questions may also be generated for better comprehension of the Chinese New Year.

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